ARMSTRONG DOPING - AN OVERVIEW

Even in 1999, the year of his to start with Tour de France acquire, there were now goal ideas that Armstrong's achievements might not happen to be solely to the up and up. That yr, his urine sample confirmed a small trace of the banned steroid used to help muscle mass recovery, but he was cleared when his team manufactured a health care certificati

To rebuild have faith in, cycling authorities elevated transparency in anti-doping efforts. Groups and riders embraced a far more open method, sharing energy information and physiological information to demonstrate clean up performances.Hamman's hunch proved correct; ahead of the Times ran its story on the case, USADA normal counsel Travis Tygart c